China has significantly expanded its electronic warfare (EW) and surveillance network across its artificial islands in the Spratly chain, with new assessments indicating a rapid build-out that is reshaping the South China Sea into what analysts describe as an increasingly contested “electronic battlespace.”

The findings were highlighted this month by the Asia Maritime Transparency Initiative (AMTI). According to AMTI, Beijing undertook major upgrades between 2023 and 2025 on Fiery Cross, Mischief, and Subi Reefs, installing new antenna fields and deploying mobile EW vehicles capable of monitoring, jamming, and targeting foreign military activity. Satellite imagery cited in the report shows at least six new paved antenna sites, mobile jamming platforms, and expanded intelligence, surveilla

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