LONDON — Three weeks ago, President Donald Trump sent shock waves across Europe with a 28-point peace plan for Ukraine that strongly echoed Russian talking points.

Now, Ukraine’s leaders have responded with a counterproposal that demands legal guarantees of protection against future Russian aggression, according to descriptions of the plan by European leaders and diplomats.

The 20-point Ukrainian plan for ending nearly four years of fighting is part of a broader response to Trump’s demand, made in his proposal last month, that Ukraine secure peace by relinquishing more land than Russia currently occupies. Ukrainian and European leaders say that would humiliate Ukraine while rewarding Russia for its aggression.

In press briefings this week, President Volodymyr Zelenskyy of Ukraine has sa

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