In Colombia’s enormous Magdalena River basin, an ecological anomaly has triggered an extraordinary debate among ecologists. Ought some invasive species – in this case hippos – be tolerated, or even welcomed, for the ecological role they play as proxies for prehistoric keystone species lost thousands of years ago?

In the early 1980s, infamous trafficker and kingpin Pablo Escobar smuggled four hippopotami – one male, three females – from an American zoo to his private menagerie at Hacienda Nápoles. Years later, on 2 December 1993, Escobar was shot dead by members of the Colombian national police’s search bloc in a shootout in Medellín. After his death, Escobar’s collection of exotic animals was dispersed to zoos around South America. The hippos, however, were deemed too large, too dangerous

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