Field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) are a critical but often overlooked component of the semiconductor industry. This interactive graphic and the full report examine the highly concentrated and globalized FPGA supply chain, highlighting key vulnerabilities and strategic chokepoints.

As FPGAs are increasingly vital for AI infrastructure, telecommunications, military applications, and automotive systems, understanding this complex ecosystem is essential for economic resilience and national security. Despite US leadership in design and electronic design automation (EDA) software, FPGA manufacturing and other types of semiconductor production remain heavily dependent on East Asian foundries, particularly Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Corporation (TSMC). China’s control over essentia

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