Europe is experiencing increasing prevalence of arbovirus diseases — those transmitted by arthropod vectors such as mosquitoes, ticks, or sand flies. These diseases, including dengue, chikungunya, and Zika, have traditionally been endemic to the tropical and subtropical regions of South America, the Caribbean, Africa, and Asia. Their frequency and scale have increased globally in the past two decades, and the geographic range of transmission has expanded into areas previously unaffected, including non-endemic regions in Europe.

While most cases are imported, mosquito species and ticks are establishing themselves further northwards and westwards in Europe. According to the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), between 2021 and 2024, the number of autochthonous (locally

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