Antidepressants don’t work , we often hear these days – except for roughly half of patients , for whom they provide significant relief. Others argue that exercise, fresh air, and a good diet are all that’s needed to lift a low mood, but this approach works in only about 60 per cent of cases . You might think, then, that we need to address the deep-rooted causes on a therapist’s couch, but even that doesn’t work for everyone, and different therapeutic techniques have varying levels of efficacy.

If depression affects a quarter of the population and has been studied for centuries, why is it still so difficult to treat?

New research suggests we may have been approaching it the wrong way. Just as doctors now recognise that physical symptoms such as swelling and fatigue can stem from a ra

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