The warnings started showing up unexpectedly in the end-credits crawl of several major movies this summer: all-caps screamers listed just beneath the usual Hollywood legalese cautioning against unauthorized copying, distribution, or exhibition. “THIS WORK MAY NOT BE USED TO TRAIN AI,” blares one such warning attached to Universal’s animated-heist hit The Bad Guys 2 . “ALL RIGHTS IN THIS WORK ARE RESERVED FOR PURPOSES OF LAW IN ALL JURISDICTIONS PERTAINING TO DATA MINING OR AI TRAINING, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ARTICLE 4(3) OF DIRECTIVE (EU) 2019/790.”

Little known outside of entertainment law and European bureaucrat circles, Directive 2019/790 is an artificial intelligence copyright-compliance policy out of the European Union; one that’s basically inapplicable in the U.S. But th

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