Russian President Vladimir Putin arrived at the Meijiang International Center in Tianjin Sunday where he was welcomed by Chinese President Xi Jinping ahead of the summit of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation.

The 10-member group that will gather Sunday and Monday in the port city of Tianjin has grown in size and influence over the past 24 years, even while its goals and programs remain murky and name recognition low.

The full membership includes Russia, Belarus, China, India, Iran, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Pakistan, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan.

Originally seen as a foil to U.S. influence in Central Asia, the original organization picked up four new members with the addition of India and Pakistan in 2017, Iran in 2023 and Belarus in 2024.

Some of those are clear foes of the West, especially Iran and close Russian ally Belarus.

Others including India, China and Russia have a more nebulous relationship, either because of Washington's wobbly stance on the conflict in Ukraine or because of chaos surrounding U.S. tariffs that have upended key trading relationships with countries such as China and India. 

The SCO's two-day summit may shed more light on issues surrounding the group's activities and intentions.