MILAN (AP) — American historian Josiah Ober, whose studies of Athenian democracy provide insights into current political crises, and U.S. immunologist Carl H. June, whose work on gene-modified cell therapy offers hope for future cures of autoimmune diseases, were awarded the 2025 Balzan Prizes.

The Switzerland-based Balzan Foundation makes four awards each year in the humanities and hard sciences, announced in the northern Italian city of Milan. Winners receive 800,000 Swiss francs (about $940,000), half of which must be used to support projects by young researchers. The prizes will be presented in Bern, Switzerland on Nov. 14.

The other recipients were Rosalind Krauss, a Columbia University art historian cited for her role in establishing the field of contemporary art history, and Frenc

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