Brazil is facing a demographic turning point that economists warn could undermine its long-term economic stability.

The twin forces of a falling birth rate and an aging population are converging at a time when the country faces enduring structural fiscal and labor market challenges.

Why It Matters

The country experienced decades of economic expansion alongside a growing working-age population and steady improvements in public health that contributed to rising household incomes and domestic consumption.

But that demographic dividend is now being replaced by a looming burden. Brazil is growing old before it can get rich—a pattern increasingly common in middle-income countries facing delayed motherhood and shrinking family sizes due to urbanization, education access, and rising living c

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