Type 2 diabetes, also known as diabetes mellitus, is one of the world’s most common metabolic diseases. Affecting almost 500 million people worldwide, the condition occurs when the body develops a resistance to insulin, and the secretion of insulin by pancreatic beta-cells becomes defective.

This means the body struggles to regulate and maintain normal blood sugar levels, causing high blood sugar , which results in severe damage to the cardiovascular system, eyes, kidneys, and nerves.

The prevalence of diabetes is expected to continue to rise as diets begin to include more and more ultraprocessed foods, fewer people are physically active, and the global population ages. By 2050, an estimated 1.3 billion people will have diabetes.

Although it is well understood that typ

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