A fghanistan, long a crossroads of empires and a crucible of conflict, is once again caught in the whirlpool of uncertainty. The Taliban, who regained control in 2021 after the U.S. withdrawal, promised order and stability but instead delivered a regime marked by repression, economic collapse, and fragmented governance. Their rule has been met with mounting internal discontent, international isolation, and growing fractures within their own ranks. What was once hailed as their consolidated return to power has increasingly exposed a fragile reality: a leadership struggling to project legitimacy, unable to unify its disparate factions, and failing to provide meaningful governance to a war-weary population. This widening vacuum of authority has turned Afghanistan into fertile ground for reg

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