Farmer Darbara Singh, from the village of Leehan in Ludhiana district, owns 15 acres of farmland. Like many others in Punjab, Darbara had long followed the conventional method of paddy irrigation—flooding his fields almost every other day. This method consumed massive amounts of water and often led to unnecessary wastage. However, this season, he tried something different on part of his land.

“I partitioned my fields and installed special pipes—about 2 feet tall, with small holes around the bottom one foot of the pipe. Half of the pipe, including the perforated section, is inserted into the soil. The method is simple but effective. These perforated pipes help monitor the underground water level. We regularly observe the pipe to check whether water is visible inside it. If water is still p

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