Federal Reserve Chairman Jerome Powell made the kind of headlines this week that give stock brokers ulcers. After a speech in Rhode Island on Tuesday, the central banker was asked about frothiness in the markets. As Fortune ‘s Jim Edwards reported , his reply contained six words that investors didn’t want to hear: “ Equity prices are fairly highly valued .” The S&P 500 fell 0.55% on Tuesday and another 0.28% on Wednesday. Still, that’s after a string of record highs throughout the summer.

Bank of America Research followed with a particularly well-time research note on the S&P 500 and its soaring valuations, declaring that the benchmark index is trading at “statistically expensive levels” on 19 out of 20 key metrics. Four of these valuation metrics have just reached all-time highs

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