We extract more than 100 billion tonnes of raw materials from Earth each year, then throw most of them away. The “ circular economy ” offers a different approach: instead of the linear “take-make-waste” model, we could reuse, repair and recycle materials. But despite growing enthsiasm for a circular lifestyle, we’re actually moving backwards – and using more virgin resources than ever.

Over the past decade, the idea of a circular economy gained significant traction , inspiring some to aim for a zero-waste lifestyle. It has become a cornerstone of the broader transition to net zero, as the production of oil-based plastics continues to generate waste and carbon emissions.

The reality paints a far less optimistic picture. According to the latest Circularity Gap report , the use of

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