Bengaluru, Gujarat, Chennai—mapping India’s emerging semiconductor hubs

I ndia’s semiconductor ambitions are entering a decisive phase. Backed by the ₹76,000 crore ($9.1 billion) India Semiconductor Mission (ISM) and a growing network of state-level incentive programs, the country is attempting to compress decades of ecosystem development into just a few years. Clusters are where economies of scale, supplier ecosystems, and advanced research and development (R&D) converge—turning isolated investments into sustainable industrial capacity and export-ready competitiveness. Emerging hubs in Gujarat, Tamil Nadu, and Karnataka mirror the factors that have long driven the United States’ own semiconductor clusters in New York, Texas, Oregon, and California—state-backed incentives, university-industry partnerships, and targeted infrastructure investment.