The European Space Agency (Esa) has been actively seeking to widen its global partnerships, and India has emerged as a key country of interest. From human spaceflight and lunar exploration to climate monitoring and orbital sustainability, Esa wants to scale up its partnership with Isro. Calling India a “strategic partner with enormous capacity,” Director General Josef Aschbacher told TOI in an exclusive interview that Europe is eager to combine forces with India on missions that shape not just the future of space exploration but also the global response to climate change. ■ Isro and Esa signed collaboration pacts on lunar and human space missions. What’s the progress? The agreement signed a few months ago is very much active. Both sides have dedicated working groups and personnel work

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