Washington — A federal judge in Massachusetts ruled Tuesday that Homeland Security Secretary Kristi Noem and Secretary of State Marco Rubio violated the First Amendment by targeting pro-Palestinian students for deportation in order to strike fear into international students and curb lawful speech.

In a 161-page decision , U.S. District Judge William Young delivered a blistering assessment of the Trump administration's efforts to pursue international students who expressed pro-Palestinian views on college campuses, which he said was constitutionally protected speech.

The judge, appointed by former President Ronald Reagan, was unsparing not only in his views of Noem and Rubio's actions, but also of President Trump, who he said approves of "truly scandalous and unconstitutional suppressi

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