Several are on President Trump's personal list: climate change , Russiagate , and the Jeffrey Epstein controversy. History, by contrast, offers clearer, less politically fraught cases: the "missing link" Piltdown Man , the Cottingley Fairies photographs, the publication of Hitler's forged personal diaries and even Balloon Boy .
Frauds, swindles, cons, scams, and deceptions — collectively known as hoaxes.
But there's more than meets the eye. With Halloween just a month away, NPR's Word of the Week series delves into the curious, magical backstory of hoax.
Reg Speller/Getty Images / Hulton Archive / Hulton Archive
And poof! We have hocus pocus
The word "hoax" sprang like a rabbit out of a hat from the magician's incantation hocus pocus , according to Da