A federal judge ruled on Tuesday that the Trump administration violated the First Amendment by attempting to deport non-citizens for protesting the conflict in Gaza in American Association of University Professors v. Rubio .

Judge Williams, a district judge for the US District Court for Massachusetts, stated in his opinion that the Secretary of Homeland Security Kristi Noem and Secretary of State Marco Rubio had acted intentionally “to chill the rights to freedom of speech and peacefully to assemble of the non-citizen plaintiff members” through “targeted deportation proceedings.” He emphasized that the First Amendment , which states that “Congress shall make no law […] abridging the freedom of speech […] or the right of the people peaceably to assemble,” does not distinguish be

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