For decades, the United States has relied on two crucial visa programmes to attract foreign talent: the H-1B, which allows skilled professionals to work in America, and the L-1, which enables multinational companies to transfer employees across borders. These visas have powered Silicon Valley, filled critical skills gaps, and created opportunities for thousands of Indian professionals who now form the largest share of beneficiaries. But both programmes are facing their toughest challenge in years, as lawmakers in Washington push sweeping reforms and the Trump administration piles on unprecedented costs.

At the heart of this storm is the criticism that the system has been abused. Lawmakers argue that H-1B and L-1 schemes, meant to fill shortages, are being used to replace Americans with ch

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