Locally tailored waste management rules, and strict enforcement are essential to achieving India’s sanitation goals

By A Shyam Kumar

The Swachh Bharat Mission (SBM) has evolved significantly beyond its initial symbolism. What began as a call to clean streets is now shaping how India approaches public health, women’s dignity, and environmental responsibility. The Mission has made significant strides in advancing public health and sanitation management nationwide, yet the goal of “Sampoorna Swachhata” remains elusive. Phase-II of the Mission seeks to achieve comprehensive sanitation facilities through solid and liquid waste management, while also sustaining open defecation-free status.

Various programmes are being implemented by respective departments through urban and rural local bodies

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