Research shows fitness wearables can impact individuals’ health — but to see real public health benefits, healthcare systems need to go beyond just tech.

Wearable tech and health apps promise transformation by way of data. Whether it’s an Oura ring, an Apple Watch or the step tracker preloaded on your smartphone, the pitch stays consistent: Track enough data, endure enough passive-aggressive push notifications and you’ll be nudged, gamified and guilted into a healthier, happier life.

The logic follows, at least in theory: If wearable tech is ubiquitous, improved health outcomes should be, too. If each Fitbit represents one person hitting ten thousand steps a day and lowering their risk for chronic disease, then a nation of smart-device owners should be trending healthier by default. Righ

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