“Russia is at war with Europe,” said Ivo Daalder on Politico . It has been attacking Ukraine for over a decade now, “with increasing ferocity since its full-scale invasion in 2022”. Now, though, it is increasingly waging a “wider war”. Until recently, European nations have preferred to see Moscow’s operations – “the assassinations, cyberattacks , sabotage of critical infrastructure , disinformation campaigns” as falling into “a grey zone beneath the level of armed conflict”.

But over the past month, its escalating incursions have become hard to ignore. Russian drones have been launched at Poland and Romania . Fighter jets have invaded Estonian airspace . Russian aircraft have buzzed a German frigate in the Baltic. Unidentified drones have brought Danish airports to a standstil

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