American scientists Mary Brunkow and Fred Ramsdell and Shimon Sakaguchi from Japan won the 2025 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine on Monday for work shedding light on how the immune system spares healthy cells, creating openings for possible new autoimmune disease and cancer treatments.

This year's prize relates to peripheral immune tolerance, or "how we keep our immune system under control so we can fight all imaginable microbes and still avoid autoimmune disease", said Marie Wahren-Herlenius, a rheumatology professor at the Karolinska Institute.

Sakaguchi told reporters outside his university laboratory that "I feel it is a tremendous honour," Kyodo news agency reported.

Regulatory T Cells

The winners for medicine are selected by the Nobel Assembly of Sweden's Karolinska Institut

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