Former foreign minister Julie Bishop has defended her stewardship of one of Australia's most prestigious universities amid allegations of bullying and widespread dissatisfaction on campus.

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Ms Bishop fronted a Senate estimates hearing in Canberra, making an in-person appearance after a scheduling change, to face serious questioning by her former colleagues.

"We have been through a tumultuous time, possibly unprecedented, for the Australian National University and change and restructuring can be hard and can be painful for some in our community,"

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