Analysis: Trump achieved a breakthrough Gaza ceasefire, but a tough road lies ahead World Oct 11, 2025 6:34 PM EDT

This brief was originally published by the Council on Foreign Relations .

Israel and Hamas have accepted the first part of a peace agreement that calls for the return of all living Israeli hostages in exchange for Palestinian prisoners and Israel’s military to begin to withdraw from most of Gaza. The deal also calls for the surging of humanitarian aid to Gaza’s population of nearly 2 million Palestinians.

Yet, other crucial steps remain to be finalized, including the disarmament of Hamas fighters, the insertion of an international stabilizing force to Gaza, and the establishment of new structures for a Palestinian state not including Hamas.

The trauma of the Hamas att

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