From Sunday, non-EU travellers entering Europe's Schengen open-borders zone will be photographed and fingerprinted at border crossings, as the European Union rolls out its much-delayed automated border checks.
The aim of the new system is to eventually replace the manual stamp on passports and secure better information-sharing between the bloc's 27 states.
The border-check system will allow authorities to know when people entered and exited a country, with the goal of better detecting anyone overstaying and people refused entry.
Hotly debated for nearly a decade, the system has raised concerns among transport providers and passengers, who fear it could lead to longer queues at airports and train stations.
To limit disruptions, there will be a phased rollout.
The first phase begins on