New York: The long-disputed UN chapter on Iran’s nuclear programme has officially closed. Iran, Russia and China have written to United Nations Secretary-General Antonio Guterres declaring that Resolution 2231 stands terminated.

The letter was sent by the three nations’ permanent missions. It stated that they “affirm that in accordance with operative paragraph 8 of Resolution 2231, all its provisions are terminated after October 18, 2025”. The statement added that the date “marks the end of the Security Council’s consideration of the Iranian nuclear issue”.

Resolution 2231 had endorsed the 2015 Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA), a deal that lifted sanctions on Iran in exchange for limits on its nuclear activities. When adopted, it was hailed as a diplomatic victory after years

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