Communication Security Establishment Canada headquarters in Ottawa in 2022. CSE is one of three agencies that protect federal information technology systems and operations.

The federal auditor found “significant gaps” in the government’s cybersecurity services, monitoring efforts and responses to active attacks on information systems.

In a report released on Tuesday, Auditor-General Karen Hogan said the federal government must continually bolster its defences as cyberattacks become more sophisticated, pervasive and harmful.

The Treasury Board of Canada Secretariat, the Communications Security Establishment and Shared Services Canada share responsibility for protecting federal information technology systems and operations.

Hogan said the organizations work together and with departments

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