China’s leadership has unveiled the broad contours of its 15th five-year plan (2026–2030), signalling an intensified push toward technological self-reliance, advanced manufacturing, and strategic innovation, in what experts view as a direct response to rising global competition, particularly with the US. At the conclusion of the fourth plenary session of the Communist Party of China (CPC) held from 20th October to 23 October 2025 in Beijing, officials outlined key priorities that will define the country’s economic, industrial, and scientific agenda for the next five years. The blueprint places strong emphasis on artificial intelligence (AI), biotechnology, renewable energy, aerospace, and new materials, underscoring Beijing’s determination to dominate emerging high-tech sectors.

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