When the US and Taliban signed Doha Accord on 29 February 2020, the world was promised an end to the decades-long war. The accord had two central pillars: establishment of an inclusive Afghan government through intra-Afghan dialogue and a firm Taliban commitment to prevent Afghan soil from being used against other states. These were not symbolic gestures but written undertakings meant to secure Afghanistan's reintegration into international order.

Five years later, those promises stand broken. Afghan Taliban have gained diplomatic legitimacy, political concessions and substantial financial benefits from international community, yet they have failed to honour core terms of the agreement in Doha and subsequent commitments, including 2024 Trilateral Accord with Pakistan and the UAE.

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