Flash floods and landslides all over the Himalayas, cyclone Montha in Andhra Pradesh and Odisha, flood in usually-parched Marathwada, early and long heatwaves throughout the country, rising seas wiping out homes and livelihoods all along the coast.

It is in this backdrop that India will take part in the annual UN climate summit (COP30) with a draft estimate that it needs $21 trillion over the next 10 ten years to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, adapt to climate change impacts, and deal with disasters.

There was no sign of anything near that amount being available from rich countries, banks, or investors, as leaders of nearly 200 nations gathered in Belem, Brazil on Thursday in advance of the November 10-21 summit.

In its latest report on climate finance, the United Nations Framew

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