A decade has passed since the member countries of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) adopted the Paris Agreement — a milestone global pact that committed them to keeping the world’s average surface temperature from rising well under 2ºC and striving to limit it to 1.5ºC above pre-industrial levels.

However, climate finance has lagged, global emissions continue to rise, and the gap between pledges and practice has only widened since.

Against the backdrop of record-breaking heat , intensifying climate consequences, and a mounting public frustration with global inaction, the 30th Conference of Parties (COP30) of the UNFCCC begins at Belém in Brazil today.

It is both symbolic and strategic that COP30 is being hosted in Belém, which is a point of entry to

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