New Delhi, Nov 19, 2025

The Supreme Court on Wednesday struck down key provisions of the Tribunal Reforms Act, 2021, holding that Parliament had “repackaged” provisions earlier invalidated by the apex court without curing their constitutional defects.

A Bench headed by Chief Justice of India (CJI) B.R. Gavai held that the Act was “almost verbatim” a replica of what had already been annulled in the Madras Bar Association case, adding that the Union government had repeatedly “chosen not to accept” settled law despite more than three decades of consistent jurisprudence.

“We must express our disapproval of the manner in which the Union of India has repeatedly chosen to not accept the directions of this Court on the very issues that have already been conclusively settled through a series of

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