India, the world’s third-largest carbon emitter, has yet to submit its climate action agenda, a concern that became a talking point at the United Nations COP30 in Belém, Brazil. India’s five-year submissions, known as Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs), are meant to set more ambitious emission-cut targets.

So far, as many as 120 of the 196 member countries of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)have submitted their updated climate plans. Also Read | Why the COP30 climate conference is coy about phasing out oil, coal and gas

The 2015 Paris Agreement aims to keep global warming well below 2°C and ideally to 1.5°C. According to the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), meeting those goals will require cutting annual emissions by 35% to 55%

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