Hundreds of English-language websites – from mainstream news outlets to fringe blogs – are linking to articles from a pro-Kremlin network flooding the internet with disinformation, according to a study released by a London-based thinktank .

The study by the Institute for Strategic Dialogue (ISD) found that in more than 80% of citations it analysed, the websites treated the network as a credible source, legitimising its narratives and increasing its visibility. The disinformation operation – known as the Pravda network – was identified by the French government last year.

The ISD cautioned that by linking to articles in the network, the websites were inadvertently increasing the likelihood of search engines and large language models (LLMs) surfacing the pages, even in cases where the l

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