Cattle feed at Gundamain Feedlot in Eugowra, Australia, November 18, 2025. REUTERS/Hollie Adams
Caitlin Herbert, farmer and Managing Director of Gundamain Pastoral Co., conducts a daily pen check at Gundamain Feedlot in Eugowra, Australia, November 19, 2025. REUTERS/Hollie Adams
Cattle stand in a pen at Gundamain Feedlot during sunrise in Eugowra, Australia, November 19, 2025. REUTERS/Hollie Adams
Caitlin Herbert, farmer and Managing Director of Gundamain Pastoral Co., sits on the back of her utility vehicle next to her Dalmatian dog, Penny, at dusk in Eugowra, Australia, November 18, 2025. REUTERS/Hollie Adams
Cattle feed at Gundamain Feedlot in Eugowra, Australia, November 18, 2025. REUTERS/Hollie Adams

By Peter Hobson

EUGOWRA, Australia, Dec 1 (Reuters) - Six thousand Black Angus cattle chew on rolled barley, silage, cottonseed and molasses, fattening up in three rows of shaded pens under the hot Australian sun.

After an average of 90 days at the Gundamain feedlot, their weight can increase as much as 50% to around 600 kg (1,323 lb), all to meet rising global demand for juicy grain-fed beef.

Gundamain is part of a structural change in the cattle industry in Australia, whose vast pasturelands and small population have made it the second-largest beef exporter, shipping meat worth $8.6 billion in the first nine months of this year, according to customs records.

The rise of feedlots is helping Australia supply beef more consistently for export and take market share from U.S. exporters in Asian countries that prefer grain-fed meat.

"We're constantly being asked for product," said Tess Herbert, whose family owns and runs Gundamain, around a four-hour drive west of Sydney.

The feedlot plans to double its capacity to 12,000 head in the coming years, she said. "If our supply chain is asking, we're going to address that. And the only way to do so is by expanding."

RAPID RISE OF GRAIN-FEEDING

The number of cattle on feed in Australia rose to a record 1.6 million at the end of June, up from 1 million five years ago, industry data show.

Analysts expect the number to be around 2 million by 2027, by which time around half the cattle in Australia will be passing through feedlots on their way to slaughter, up from around 40% now.

The growth coincides with a contraction in the United States, the pioneer of feedlots and biggest producer of grain-fed beef, where years of drought have reduced cattle numbers to their lowest level since the 1950s.

The United States on November 1 had 11.7 million cows on feed, 260,000 fewer than a year earlier and the lowest number in years, according to the U.S. Department of Agriculture, which expects U.S. beef production to decline this year and next year.

"An acceleration in demand has driven the growth," said Grant Garey, president of the Australian Lot Feeders' Association and manager of feedlots for Teys Australia, one of the country's biggest beef producers.

"Reduced production from the U.S. is definitely playing a role in that," he said.

Feedlots have been used in the United States for nearly a century to fill out cattle before slaughter. Energy-dense diets quickly create larger, fattier cuts that consumers find tastier and juicier.

Sales of Australian meat, seen as a close match for U.S. product, are expanding to Asian nations that prize grain-fed beef for its marbling and quality.

Australian grain-fed exports increased to 324,421 tons in the first nine months of this year from 224,230 tons in the same period of 2020, according to government data that only includes beef from cattle fed for 100 days or more and therefore excludes some exports.

Most of this meat goes to Japan, South Korea and China. U.S. exports to these countries have declined in recent years.

SECURITY OF SUPPLY

Feedlots have not only given Australian producers access to premium meat markets but lessened the impact of the swings between rain and drought that are severe in Australia.

"It gives you security over your supply chain," said Matt Dalgleish, a meat and livestock analyst at consultants Episode 3. "To be able to deliver consistent output through the year and not rely on rainfall and grass – that's really important."

While droughts also hit grain production, Australia harvests much more than is needed by feedlots.

Simon Quilty, an analyst at Global AgriTrends, said feedlots were making excellent profits and would continue to expand.

"Operators are seeing the opportunities," he said. "We'll go to 1.75 million (cattle on feed) next year, and the year after that to 2 million."

The biggest feedlot operators in Australia include Mort & Co, JBS, NH Foods and Teys Australia, which is owned by U.S. agribusiness giant Cargill.

Australia is however unlikely to become like the United States, where more than 90% of cattle are fattened on feed. The high cost of feedlot construction and an expected revival in U.S. beef production in a few years are keeping a lid on investment in new sites, said Garey.

There is also a strong market for grass-fed beef, which some consumers see as less industrialised and more sustainable.

"We're getting towards a 50-50 market between grain- and grass-finished," said Dalgleish.

"Grain-finished animals are the most lucrative. But there's a growing premium market for grass-finished. Australia is in a good position to fill both markets."

(Reporting by Peter Hobson; Additional reporting by Tom Polansek in Chicago; Editing by Sonali Paul)