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( THE CONVERSATION ) Generative artificial intelligence has become widely accepted as a tool that increases productivity . Yet the technology is far from mature. Large language models advance rapidly from one generation to the next , and experts can only speculate how AI will affect the workforce and peoples’ daily lives.

At a Glance:

Mass adoption of AI, cars , and smartphones drives demand for critical materials .

Specialized materials and rare minerals shape global supply chains and geopolitics .

Cars and smartphones illustrate how technology alters human behavior and infrastructure.

AI accelerates material dependencies, influencing economic and geopolitical power.

As a materials scientist , I am interested in how materials and

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