India’s four Labour Codes – the Code on Wages (2019), Industrial Relations Code (2020), Code on Social Security (2020), and Occupational Safety, Health and Working Conditions (OSH&WC) Code (2020) – constitute the most extensive labour reform undertaken since Independence.

Replacing 29 Central labour laws, the Codes streamline compliance, strengthen worker protections, and modernise regulation by introducing a unified and technology-enabled governance system.

For India’s hazardous industries such as mining, petroleum, chemicals, construction, heavy engineering and dock operations, the OSH&WC Code brings some of the strongest statutory safeguards ever introduced.

What do the Labour Codes change?

The Codes replace India’s earlier fragmented regulatory system with a unified safety framewor

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