The International Monetary Fund headquarters in Washington, D.C. Photo by STEFANI REYNOLDS/AFP via Getty Images files

Canada’s financial system remains broadly resilient despite mounting economic uncertainty, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) said in its latest assessment — but warned that rising household debt , mortgage renewals and gaps in cyber and pension oversight could expose vulnerabilities in the years ahead.

In its 2025 Financial System Stability Assessment (FSSA), the IMF said Canada’s big banks , insurers and pension funds are well-capitalized and capable of withstanding major economic shocks.

However, the report flagged growing risks tied to a wave of upcoming mortgage renewals, high household debt levels and a lack of coordination among financial regulators —

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