The number of scientific papers flagged as fraudulent has been growing. Now a new paper sheds light on how it’s being done.

Researchers found loose networks of unscrupulous editors working with organizations that mass-produce false work to gain publication.

They found these groups and individuals can be identified by footprints they leave behind.

Fraudulent scientific research is now being produced and published on a large scale, with some unethical researchers colluding with unethical editors to attain the prestige that comes with publication, according to a new study in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

Large groups of editors and authors appear to have cooperated in what it called “the tide of fraudulent science.”

The researchers who conducted the study obtaine

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