Unique CV Risk in India- Epidemiological Backdrop

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain the leading cause of death in India, with a WHO-reported age-adjusted CVD mortality rate of 349 per 100,000 men. (1) NFHS-5 data show that Indian men aged 40–49 have nearly four times the odds of heart disease compared to adolescents. (2) Moreover, 1.1% of Indian men meet IDF criteria for metabolic syndrome, doubling the risk of CVD and increasing stroke and CVD mortality risk by 1.5-fold. (3,4) These findings underscore the need for individualized primary prevention strategies, such as illustrated in the case scenario.

Why is this case a High CV-Risk?

Hypertension: Contributes to 48% of strokes and 18% of coronary events. (5)

Central Obesity: Visceral fat promotes inflammatory markers (↑FFA, IL-1

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