The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2025 was awarded on Monday (October 6) to Mary E Brunkow, Fred Ramsdell and Shimon Sakaguchi "for their discoveries concerning peripheral immune tolerance".

They discovered how the immune system is kept in check.

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The laureates identified the immune system’s security guards, regulatory T cells, which prevent immune cells from attacking our own body.

What is the prize money?

The prize money of 11 million Swedish kronor (approximately Rs 10.36 crore) will be shared equally between the laureates.

“Their discoveries have been decisive for our understanding of how the immune system functions and why we do not all develop serious autoimmune diseases

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