Published on : 06 Oct 2025, 11:08 am

Two researchers from the United States (USA) and one from Japan have been awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2025 for their ground-breaking discoveries that helped us understand how the immune system keeps itself from harming the body.

The immune system selectively neutralises invading microbes without affecting our own tissues even as many microbes have developed similarities to human cells to evade detection. This raised questions in the minds of scientists on how the immune system keeps track of what is “self” and what is an “invader”.

The three researchers are Mary E Brunkow, Institute for Systems Biology, USA, Fred Ramsdell from Sonoma Biotherapeutics, USA, and Shimon Sakaguchi from Osaka University, Japan. The laureates ident

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