Key Takeaways

AI has become dangerously centralized, with just four corporations (NVIDIA, Amazon, Google, Microsoft) controlling the entire infrastructure stack.

The solution lies in three emerging approaches: open-source chip development, distributed computing networks and tokenized AI ecosystems that reward contributors directly.

Behind every ChatGPT response and Midjourney image lies an uncomfortable truth: Four corporations now control the physical and intellectual infrastructure of artificial intelligence. Add to that, NVIDIA’s 92% monopoly on AI chips, combined with the cloud dominance of Amazon, Google and Microsoft. As economist Mariana Mazzucato observes, we are moving toward an age of “digital feudalism,” where public risk and knowledge are preceded by private extraction, co

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