Female genital mutilation (FGM) survivors in the UK have been told they have to wait for "more research into the effectiveness" of reconstruction surgery, forcing many to fund their own travel and treatment abroad.

This article contains descriptions of FGM and reconstructive surgery some readers may find distressing.

The World Health Organisation-approved FGM reconstruction surgery is freely available on public health services in European countries like Switzerland.

Professor Jasmine Abdulcadir, one of the world's leading experts in FGM reconstruction surgery, sees up to 30 survivors a month at Geneva's University Hospital.

Image: FGM reconstruction surgery at Geneva's University Hospital

"Not all of them will need or opt for surgery," she told Sky News.

"There are several type

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