For decades, Controlled Flight into Terrain (CFIT) has remained one of the most persistent anxieties for India’s military aviation community—an ever-present threat that arises not from engine failure or mechanical malfunction, but from a momentary loss of situational awareness in unforgiving environments. Whether flying in Ladakh’s rarefied air, navigating the steep valleys of Arunachal Pradesh, or approaching makeshift landing zones during counter-insurgency operations, Indian helicopter crews have often operated at the very limits of what their onboard systems were designed to handle.

That reality is now poised for transformation. At the Dubai Airshow 2025, state-owned Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL) and government-backed German defence electronics major HENSOLDT signed a landmark a

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