When leaders of the world’s largest economies meet in Johannesburg on November 22 and 23, it will be a summit of historic firsts and finales. It is the first G20 Leaders’ Summit on African soil , hosted by South Africa, and it marks the culmination of a significant three-year arc in which the Global South set the G20 agenda. Following India’s presidency in 2023 and Brazil’s in 2024, South Africa’s 2025 chairmanship completes a trifecta of leadership by emerging economies.

Over these successive presidencies, the G20’s focus has visibly shifted toward issues at the heart of developing countries – sustainable development, debt relief, climate finance, food security, digital public infrastructure, and institutional reform. As the baton passes to the United States in 2026, Johannesburg repre

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