Key points

In both literature and therapy, a tension exists between specificity and universality.

Using rich, specific, and metaphorical language is associated with better clinical outcomes.

Reflective functioning provides a useful window into language and emotional resilience.

Language offers a tool to enhance reflective functioning and invite experiences of wonder.

Rick Moody’s famous short story “Boys” begins as generically as possible: “Boys enter the house, boys enter the house.” The repetition establishes a rhythm for a story composed in one long paragraph, with almost every single sentence beginning with “Boys enter.” The story is about a particular family in a particular suburb, sure. But as the repetition and lack of any specific names or physical description reinforce, it’s

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